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When the “Free Market” Isn’t Free: Why the American Prairie Reserve Fails the True Test of Market Environmentalism

For decades, the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC) has championed a powerful idea: free-market environmentalism. The core philosophy is simple yet profound—environmental quality can be best achieved through well-defined property rights, open market competition, and voluntary exchange, rather than top-down bureaucratic mandates. It’s an approach that respects local communities, values production, and relies on a level playing field. While some conservationists attempt to bridge the gap between PERC’s philosophy and the sweeping ambitions of the American Prairie Reserve (APR), a closer look reveals a glaring disconnect. For Montana’s ranching families—who have sustainably managed these landscapes for generations—APR’s operations don’t represent a triumph of the...

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Is American Prairie Private or Public

By Terry L. AndersonProfessor Emeritus, Montana State University The nonprofit American Prairie recently announced the purchase of 2,083 acres of wetlands in Phillips County, Montana. The property was privately owned but already protected by a conservation easement held by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Because the easement already limited development and the land is not especially suited for ranching, the additional conservation value of the purchase is uncertain. What it clearly does is add another asset to American Prairie’s expanding land portfolio. The announcement highlights a larger question: What kind of institution is American Prairie? The organization describes itself as a nonprofit public–private partnership supported by donors across the...

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Department of Interior considers vacating APR grazing permits

A coalition of Montana counties has petitioned the Department of Interior (DOI) to vacate a 2022 decision that allows American Prairie Reserve (APR) bison to graze on BLM allotments.  In response, DOI Secretary Doug Burgum on December 9 took the extraordinary step of assuming jurisdiction over a review of the 2022 decision.  The result of this move portends to be a major blow to APR’s plan to establish a 3.5-million-acre private nature preserve in the heart of Montana. In a detailed filing with DOI, the Montana Natural Resource Coalition of Counties (MTNRC) points out that BLM lands are reserved for livestock grazing and cannot be rewilded.  Furthermore, BLM regulations give grazing preference to “cattle, sheep, horses, burros, and goats.” MTNRC contends the 2022 decision to...

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"Ancient" by Nicolás Boullosa.

What Montanans lose with each APR land acquisition

American Prairie Reserve has been crowing about their recent ranch purchases in Phillips County.  What they won’t tell you is those acquisitions come at a cost to you and every other Montanan.  It’s important to reflect on what we’re losing when APR removes land from agricultural production.  Most regretfully we’re losing the next generation of family ranchers whose job it is to grow food.  The dangerous decline in American agricultural production over the last few decades is accelerated if we allow nonprofit groups to buy up prime Montana ranch land.  It’s no wonder we’re seeing such increases in food prices. Our communities are also losing the families who work those ranches.  Families fill our schools and require goods and services, creating...

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"Found Photo - US MT Cows in Montana 1969.tif" by David Pirmann is licensed under CC BY 2.0

APR’s ranch buying spree has negative impact on Montana taxpayers

The ink is dry on another historic cattle ranch in the Upper Missouri River Breaks consumed by the non-profit organization American Prairie Reserve (APR). With a deal to acquire the 73 Ranch, another piece of Montana’s history and leading industry has been gobbled up by the billionaires that fund APR, at the expense of Montana taxpayers. Non-profits claiming to be conservationists rob taxpayers in a couple of different ways. Donations to APR to purchase ranch property come with lucrative tax deductions. With their privileged tax status, every dollar APR receives leaves our government coffers with less than they otherwise would have.

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"Bison Family in Montana" by USFWS Mountain Prairie is licensed under CC BY 2.0

UPOM wins bison lawsuit—documents obtained from FWP detail high degree of coordination with APR

We’re pleased to announce that FWP has agreed to settle our lawsuit against them regarding their bison management plan. They’ve agreed to scrap the bison plan and will not undertake a new EIS for bison management for at least ten years. You can read the settlement agreement here. As part of the litigation against FWP to challenge their bison management plan, UPOM requested all communications from FWP related to the bison management plan. We received over 2500 pages of documents. Through that discovery, we learned that FWP was in deep negotiations with APR to establish a herd of free-roaming bison on the CMR wildlife refuge. This despite repeated claims by FWP that they were not considering any specific relocation sites as part of their bison EIS. Due to the...

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